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A hearth is discovered with bone fragments in it. What method might be used to date the bone?


A) dendrochronology
B) electron spin resonance
C) fission track
D) amino acid method

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Based on the molecular clock, geneticists believe the split between chimps and hominins occurred:


A) 10-12 mya.
B) 8-10 mya.
C) 6-8 mya.
D) 4-6 mya.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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The study of what happens to an organism's remains after death is:


A) archaeology.
B) cryptozoology.
C) forensic biology.
D) taphonomy.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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Paleosols and fauna in the Middle Awash Valley of Ethiopia show that:


A) the earliest hominins lived in wooded settings.
B) the earliest hominins lived in unwooded grassland settings.
C) the earliest hominins lived in marshy settings.
D) the earliest hominins lived in desert settings.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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Which dating method would be most appropriate for establishing the age of a volcanic ash layer from an early hominid site in eastern Africa?


A) carbon 14 dating
B) amino acid dating
C) potassium-argon dating
D) electron spin resonance dating

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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How does Steno's law of superposition support relative and absolute dating methods?

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Steno's law of superposition essentially...

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Paleontologists find a fossil ape with long arms. What type of environment can they infer it inhabited?


A) savannah
B) woodland
C) grassland
D) swamp

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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At a site in the American Southwest, you find only a single ceramic pot in association with an individual within a burial. You can use the pot to date the burial based on:


A) biostratigraphic dating, because there may be animal remains inside the pot.
B) cultural dating, since the pot must be specific to a known culture and time period.
C) radiopotassium dating of the material used to make the pot.
D) fission track dating of the pot itself.

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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Scientists can determine the type of plant consumed based on:


A) carbon 14.
B) isotopes.
C) index fossils.
D) carbon 13 and carbon 12.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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Most of the fossils discovered in Africa come from the eastern and western parts of the continent. Why is this?


A) More populations of species lived in these areas and nowhere else.
B) Only these areas were conducive to sustaining life.
C) These areas provided better preservation.
D) Many villagers gather to sell fossils in these areas only.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Stratigraphic correlation is:


A) matching strata by chemical composition and color from several sites across distances.
B) correlating stratigraphic markers in one location.
C) matching stratigraphy from known sites only.
D) dating through the use of a chronometric method.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Fluorine dating is an example of what type of dating method?


A) chronometric
B) nonrelative
C) chemical
D) genetic

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Eras are:


A) divisions in geologic time divided into periods and epochs.
B) a fictitious time frame.
C) divisions of time based on cultural standards, as in "Stone Age."
D) representations of time frames for certain fossil species.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Differentiate between absolute and relative dating techniques, giving one example of each.

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Relative dating consists of techniques f...

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How do dating methods help to support the theory of natural selection and biological evolution?

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Both relative and absolute dating method...

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Fission track dating can provide dates when used on which type of material?


A) sedimentary rock
B) shell
C) bone
D) igneous rock

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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The three eras that make up earth history are:


A) strata, stratigraphy, and striations.
B) Pliocene, Pleistocene, and Holocene.
C) Early, Middle, and Upper Miocene.
D) Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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What is the most important feature of climate?


A) weather
B) sea levels
C) temperature
D) isotopes

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Cultural dating can be used to date:


A) ceramics.
B) bones and teeth.
C) shells.
D) trilobite evolution.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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During the Holocene artifacts like __________ began to appear.


A) bones and teeth
B) ceramics
C) shell
D) wood objects

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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