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Exam 7: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy From Carbohydrates and Other Fuel Molecules

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Question 31

Multiple Choice

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Animals breathe in air containing oxygen and breathe out air containing less oxygen. The consumed oxygen is used:

A) in the citric acid cycle.
B) in the glycolysis pathway.
C) in the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl Co-A.
D) in photosynthesis.
E) as an electron acceptor in the respiratory electron transport chain.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

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Question 32

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You may be familiar with the story of Philippides, the famous Greek runner who ran the first marathon and then died after completing his run. Based on what you know of aerobic respiration and fermentation, why might Philippides have died?

A) His muscles may have produced toxic levels of lactic acid, causing his blood to become more basic.
B) His muscles may have produced toxic levels of lactic acid, causing his blood to become more acidic.
C) His muscles may have produced toxic levels of ethanol, causing his blood to become more basic.
D) His muscles may have produced toxic levels of ethanol, causing his blood to become more acidic.
E) His muscles may have produced toxic levels of both ethanol and lactic acid, causing his blood to become more acidic.

F) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

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Question 33

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A research group has discovered an organism with cells that contain a previously undescribed organelle. They do some tests on the isolated organelle to see if it is involved in any major metabolic reactions. To do this, they incubate these organelles for a period of time and determine changes in the amount of various substances in the suspending solution. The results follow. $\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | l | } \hline \text { glucose } & \mathrm { CO } _ { 2 } & \mathrm { O } _ { 2 } & \mathrm { ATP } & \mathrm { NADH } \\\hline \text { no change } & \text { no change } & \text { decrease } & \text { increase } & \text { decrease } \\\hline\end{array}$ Based on this analysis, which metabolic process do you conclude is taking place in this organelle?

Which one of the following is NOT a product of cellular respiration?

An important aspect of biology is that many proteins are used in several different processes. Which of the following protein complexes is used in BOTH the electron transport chain and the citric acid cycle?

Most of the ATP produced during cellular respiration is generated through:

Order the following list of molecules according to their potential energy from high to low. A. ATP B. NADH C. NAD⁺ D. FADH₂

During a long bout of sustained exercise, in which order will your body's energy stores/sources be used?

Cellular respiration is a series of _____ reactions.

Like glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation produces both pyruvate and acetyl-CoA. These two products feed directly into the citric acid cycle and are the reactants for the cycle.

Starting with glycolysis, lactic acid and ethanol fermentation generate only two ATP molecules per glucose molecule. The remaining chemical energy from the glucose is found primarily in:

Which of the following processes produces the HIGHEST number of reduced electron carriers and thus the GREATEST amount of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation?

Following the citric acid cycle but before the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, how much potential energy has been transferred to the bonds of ATP (at 7.3 kcal/mol)? the bonds of NADH (at 53 kcal/mol)? If glucose oxidation to CO₂ and H₂O has a G of 676 kcal/mol, what proportion of potential energy has been captured? Where would you predict the remaining potential energy has gone?

You are trying to find the maximum source of energy for an organism. Which of the following compounds would you choose?

Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning starch?

We consume a variety of carbohydrates that are digested into a variety of different sugars. How do these different sugars enter glycolysis?

The energy from the movement of electrons through the electron transport chain is directly used to synthesize ATP.

Following the citric acid cycle but before the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, most of the energy from the original glucose molecule is found in:

Energy released by transferring electrons along the electron transport chain is stored as potential energy in the form of:

Malate is both the starting and ending product of the citric acid cycle.