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Exam 6: Individual Factors: Moral Philosophies and Values

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Question 21

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While he is normally against the idea of harming animals,Eric views animal research in the pharmaceutical industry as a way to improve drugs that will benefit mankind.Which moral philosophy most closely represents his viewpoint?

A) Egoism
B) Relativism
C) Humanitarianism
D) Utilitarianism
E) Individualism

F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

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Question 22

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What is one of the problems of Kohlberg's cognitive moral development theory? ?

A) The original theory was transferred from children to adults.
B) It can only apply to those with an deontological perspective.
C) It assumes that very few adults ever reach Stage 6.
D) The theory has little reliability or validity. 
E) All of the moral philosophies are regarded as equal to one another.

F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

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Question 23

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Kohlberg's six stages of cognitive moral development can be reduced to three levels of ethical concern.Persons at the second level

An individual who defines what is right by considering his/her duty to society,not just to other specific people,is in which of Kohlberg's stages of cognitive moral development?

An individual who believes that an action is ethical because others within his or her company and industry regularly engage in the activity is probably a(n)

The concept of moral philosophies are inexact.?

Discuss the distinctions between the rule and act categories of utilitarianism and deontology.Why do you think some people evaluate the morality of an action on the basis of the action itself,whereas others evaluate it in terms of its conformity to particular moral principles or rules of conduct?

Which moral philosophy evaluates the morality of an action on the basis of principles or rules designed to promote the greatest overall utility rather than by examining situations individually?

_____ argues that ethical behavior involves not only adhering to conventional moral standards but also considering what a mature person with a "good" moral character would deem appropriate.

Which moral philosophy considers an act to be morally right or acceptable if it produces some desired result?

In Kohlberg's model,the stage of mutual interpersonal expectations,relationships,and conformity (Stage 3) differs from the stage of individual instrumental purpose and exchange (Stage 2) in terms of the individual's motives in

_____ is considered the father of free market capitalism.He believed that business was and should be guided by the morals of good men.

Kant's categorical imperative and the Golden Rule are examples of which moral philosophy?

_____ have lower ethical issue sensitivity,meaning they are less likely to detect ethical issues.They may be more committed to completing projects and more dedicated to group values and objectives.

An individual who emphasizes others rather than himself or herself in making decisions is in which of the following of Kohlberg's stages of development?

Teleological philosophies are often referred to as consequentialism.?

Which moral philosophy evaluates the morality of an action on the basis of its conformity to general moral principles based on logic and respect for individual rights?

A marketing manager who orders that a manufacturing plant be refitted to make it safer for workers,no matter what the cost,may be a(n) _____ because he believes in the rights of all individuals.

Compare and contrast the two teleological philosophies: egoism and utilitarianism.Include a discussion of the bases that each type uses to evaluate the morality of activities.

What is white collar crime and why has it become such a widespread problem?