Question 1

What is the most logical sequence of steps for splicing foreign DNA into a plasmid and inserting the plasmid into a bacterium?
I. Transform bacteria with a recombinant DNA molecule.
II. Cut the plasmid DNA using restriction enzymes (endonucleases) .
III. Extract plasmid DNA from bacterial cells.
IV. Hydrogen-bond the plasmid DNA to non-plasmid DNA fragments.
V. Use ligase to seal plasmid DNA to non-plasmid DNA.

Accepted Answer

A)   II, III, V, IV, I
B)   III, II, IV, V, I
C)   III, IV, V, I, II
D)   IV, V, I, II, IIIE) C) and D)
F) A) and B) B

Question 2

One possible use of transgenic plants is in the production of human proteins, such as vaccines. Which of the following issues is a possible hindrance that must be overcome in order for this process to work properly?

Accepted Answer

A)   prevention of transmission of plant allergens to the vaccine recipients
B)   prevention of vaccine-containing plants being consumed by insects
C)   use of plant cells to translate non-plant-derived mRNA
D)   inability of the human digestive system to accept plant-derived proteinE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

Which of the following characteristics of Taq polymerase make it useful in the PCR process?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is heat stable and can withstand the heating step of PCR.
B)   Only minute amounts are needed for each cycle of PCR.
C)   It binds more readily than other polymerases to the primers.
D)   It has regions that are complementary to the primers.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 4

Transgenic mice are useful to human researchers because they ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   can be valuable animal models of human disease
B)   are essential for mapping human genes
C)   are now used in place of bacteria for cloning human genes
D)   were instrumental in pinpointing the location of the huntingtin geneE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 5

Which of the following tools of DNA technology is incorrectly paired with its use?

Accepted Answer

A)   electrophoresis-separation of DNA fragments
B)   DNA ligase-cutting DNA, creating sticky ends of restriction fragments
C)   DNA polymerase-polymerase chain reaction to amplify sections of DNA
D)   reverse transcriptase-production of cDNA from mRNAE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 6

For a particular microarray assay (DNA chip) , cDNA has been made from the mRNAs of a dozen patients' breast tumour biopsies. Which of the following types of evidence will researchers be looking for in order to determine if the cells are cancerous?

Accepted Answer

A)   a particular gene that is amplified in all or most of the patient samples
B)   a pattern of fluorescence that indicates which cells are over proliferating
C)   a pattern shared among some or all of the samples that indicates gene expression differing from control samples
D)   a group of cDNAs that match those in non-breast cancer control samples from the same populationE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

The segment of DNA shown in the figure has restriction sites I and II, which create restriction fragments A, B and C. Which of the gels produced by electrophoresis best represents the separation and identity of these fragments?

Accepted Answer

A)  
B)  
C)  
D)  E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Which of the following processes helps bacterial cells protect their own DNA from restriction enzymes (endonucleases) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   adding methyl groups to adenines and cytosines
B)   using DNA ligase to seal the bacterial DNA into a closed circle
C)   adding histones to protect the double-stranded DNA
D)   forming "sticky ends" of bacterial DNA to prevent the enzyme (endonuclease)  from attachingE) B) and C)
F) A) and D) A

Question 9

Which of the following correctly lists the processes in order for one cycle of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   denature DNA; add fresh enzyme; anneal primers; add dNTPs; extend primers
B)   anneal primers; denature DNA; extend primers
C)   extend primers; anneal primers; denature DNA
D)   denature DNA; anneal primers; extend primersE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 10

How have DNA microarrays made a huge impact on genomic studies?

Accepted Answer

A)   They can be used to eliminate the function of any gene in the genome.
B)   They can be used to introduce entire genomes into bacterial cells.
C)   They allow the expression of many or even all of the genes in the genome to be compared at once.
D)   They allow physical maps of the genome to be assembled in a very short time.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 11

In an experiment, DNA from the linear form of the bacteriophage Lambda was cut into fragments using the restriction enzyme Hind III. Hind III cuts the Lambda DNA between the adenine nucleotides on the complementary strands in a specific sequence, as indicated in the diagram, producing eight different size fragments. These fragments are then separated with an electrical current based on size after the DNA fragments are placed in a porous gel, a process called gel electrophoresis. 
Select an observation that best describes a correct aspect of the two processes of restriction
Digest and gel electrophoresis.

Accepted Answer

A)   When separated on a gel, the pattern of DNA bands will be characteristic of those cut with Hind III; different restriction enzymes will not produce these same fragments.
B)   The sequence 5′-AAGCTT-3′ is found eight times in the Lambda genome, and the restriction enzyme Hind III finds each location.
C)   If an electrical current is not used, eight separate DNA bands would be visible, but they would not be separated as much as when an electrical current is used.
D)   Only the restriction enzyme Hind III can be used to cut Lambda DNA since restriction enzymes are specific to the type of DNA they can cut.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 12

Which of the following statements correctly describes one of the main differences between embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells?

Accepted Answer

A)   Embryonic stem cells only differentiate into only eggs and sperm, and adult stem cells differentiate into any type of cell.
B)   Embryonic stem cells can give rise to all cell types in the organism, and adult stem cells cannot.
C)   Embryonic stem cells can continue to reproduce for an indefinite period, and adult stem cells cannot.
D)   One aim of using embryonic stem cells is to provide cells for repair of diseased tissue.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 13

For which of the following processes can dideoxyribonucleotides be used?

Accepted Answer

A)   to separate different sized DNA fragments
B)   to produce cDNA from mRNA
C)   to sequence a DNA fragment
D)   to visualise DNA expressionE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

Which of the following sequences is most likely to be cut by a restriction enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A)   5′-AATTCT 3′ 3′-TTAAGA-5′
B)   5′-AATATT-3′ 3′-TTATAA-5′
C)   5′-AAAATT-3′ 3′-TTTTAA-5′
D)   5′-ACTACT-3′ 3′-TGATGA-5′E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Which of the following statements correctly describes how RNA interference (RNAi)  silences selected genes?

Accepted Answer

A)   Synthetic double-stranded RNA molecules stop transcription from occurring.
B)   Synthetic double-stranded RNA molecules stop DNA replication from occurring.
C)   Synthetic double-stranded RNA molecules trigger the breakdown of a gene's messenger RNA.
D)   Synthetic double-stranded RNA molecules stop mitosis from occurring.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C) C

Question 16

A principal problem with inserting an unmodified mammalian gene into a plasmid and then getting that gene expressed in bacteria is that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   prokaryotes use a different genetic code from that of eukaryotes
B)   bacteria translate only mRNAs that have multiple messages
C)   bacteria cannot remove eukaryotic introns
D)   bacterial RNA polymerase cannot make RNA complementary to mammalian DNAE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

Which of the following enzymes is required to make complementary DNA (cDNA)  from RNA?

Accepted Answer

A)   restriction enzymes (endonucleases) 
B)   helicase
C)   DNA ligase
D)   reverse transcriptaseE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

Expression of a cloned eukaryotic gene in a bacterial cell involves many challenges. The use of mRNA and reverse transcriptase is part of a strategy to solve the problem of

Accepted Answer

A)   post-transcriptional processing.
B)   post-translational processing.
C)   nucleic acid hybridisation.
D)   restriction fragment ligation.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 19

Which of the following characteristics of short tandem repeats (STRs)  DNA makes it useful for DNA fingerprinting?

Accepted Answer

A)   The number of repeats is highly variable from person-to-person or animal-to-animal.
B)   The sequence of DNA that is repeated varies significantly from individual-to-individual.
C)   The sequence variation is acted upon differently by natural selection in different environments.
D)   Every racial and ethnic group has inherited different short tandem repeats.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 20

Reproductive cloning of human embryos is generally considered unethical. However, on the subject of therapeutic cloning, there is a wider divergence of opinion. Which of the following statements provides a likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

A)   The use of adult stem cells is likely to produce more cell types than the use of embryonic stem cells.
B)   Cloning to produce embryonic stem cells may lead to great medical benefits for many.
C)   Cloning to produce stem cells relies on a different initial procedure than reproductive cloning.
D)   A clone that lives until the blastocyst stage does not yet have human DNA.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Exam 20: Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Correct Answer
verified
B

One possible use of transgenic plants is in the production of human proteins, such as vaccines. Which of the following issues is a possible hindrance that must be overcome in order for this process to work properly?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following characteristics of Taq polymerase make it useful in the PCR process?

Correct Answer
verified

Transgenic mice are useful to human researchers because they ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following tools of DNA technology is incorrectly paired with its use?

Correct Answer
verified

For a particular microarray assay (DNA chip) , cDNA has been made from the mRNAs of a dozen patients' breast tumour biopsies. Which of the following types of evidence will researchers be looking for in order to determine if the cells are cancerous?

Correct Answer
verified

The segment of DNA shown in the figure has restriction sites I and II, which create restriction fragments A, B and C. Which of the gels produced by electrophoresis best represents the separation and identity of these fragments?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following processes helps bacterial cells protect their own DNA from restriction enzymes (endonucleases) ?

Correct Answer
verified
A

Which of the following correctly lists the processes in order for one cycle of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ?

Correct Answer
verified

How have DNA microarrays made a huge impact on genomic studies?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Which of the following statements correctly describes one of the main differences between embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells?

Correct Answer
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For which of the following processes can dideoxyribonucleotides be used?

Correct Answer
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Which of the following sequences is most likely to be cut by a restriction enzyme?

Correct Answer
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Which of the following statements correctly describes how RNA interference (RNAi) silences selected genes?

Correct Answer
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C

A principal problem with inserting an unmodified mammalian gene into a plasmid and then getting that gene expressed in bacteria is that ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following enzymes is required to make complementary DNA (cDNA) from RNA?

Correct Answer
verified

Expression of a cloned eukaryotic gene in a bacterial cell involves many challenges. The use of mRNA and reverse transcriptase is part of a strategy to solve the problem of

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following characteristics of short tandem repeats (STRs) DNA makes it useful for DNA fingerprinting?

Correct Answer
verified

Reproductive cloning of human embryos is generally considered unethical. However, on the subject of therapeutic cloning, there is a wider divergence of opinion. Which of the following statements provides a likely explanation?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 20: Dna Tools and Biotechnology

Correct AnswerverifiedB

One possible use of transgenic plants is in the production of human proteins, such as vaccines. Which of the following issues is a possible hindrance that must be overcome in order for this process to work properly?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following characteristics of Taq polymerase make it useful in the PCR process?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Transgenic mice are useful to human researchers because they ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following tools of DNA technology is incorrectly paired with its use?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For a particular microarray assay (DNA chip) , cDNA has been made from the mRNAs of a dozen patients' breast tumour biopsies. Which of the following types of evidence will researchers be looking for in order to determine if the cells are cancerous?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The segment of DNA shown in the figure has restriction sites I and II, which create restriction fragments A, B and C. Which of the gels produced by electrophoresis best represents the separation and identity of these fragments?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following processes helps bacterial cells protect their own DNA from restriction enzymes (endonucleases) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which of the following correctly lists the processes in order for one cycle of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How have DNA microarrays made a huge impact on genomic studies?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements correctly describes one of the main differences between embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For which of the following processes can dideoxyribonucleotides be used?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following sequences is most likely to be cut by a restriction enzyme?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements correctly describes how RNA interference (RNAi) silences selected genes?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

A principal problem with inserting an unmodified mammalian gene into a plasmid and then getting that gene expressed in bacteria is that ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following enzymes is required to make complementary DNA (cDNA) from RNA?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Expression of a cloned eukaryotic gene in a bacterial cell involves many challenges. The use of mRNA and reverse transcriptase is part of a strategy to solve the problem of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following characteristics of short tandem repeats (STRs) DNA makes it useful for DNA fingerprinting?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Reproductive cloning of human embryos is generally considered unethical. However, on the subject of therapeutic cloning, there is a wider divergence of opinion. Which of the following statements provides a likely explanation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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B

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A

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C

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