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When a prescription is completed, the en...View Answer
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A) is a technique used to sterilize liquids.
B) relies on high temperature and high pressure to kill microorganisms.
C) can be considered to be a bacteriotatic control measure.
D) selectively kills thermophiles in liquids.
E) selectively kills mesophiles in liquids.
G) C) and D)
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A) an antiseptic
B) a disinfectant
C) UV Radiation
D) alcohol
E) any sterilization technique
G) A) and D)
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A
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UV radiation is used most frequently to ...View Answer
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A) Selective toxicity is harder to achieve when developing drugs against eukaryotic pathogens than it is against bacteria.
B) Compared to antibiotics, antifungal drugs usually have limited side effects.
C) To date, drug resistance has not been a problem with antimalarial drugs.
D) Drugs against eukaryotic pathogens generally act by interfering with ribosomes.
E) An advantage of most drugs against eukaryotic pathogens is that they tend to be extremely narrow spectrum.
G) A) and E)
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A) It prevents uncoating by viral particles.
B) It is phosphorylated by a viral enzyme, producing a false nucleotide, which is then incorporated into replicating viral DNA.
C) It prevents the release of newly replicated influenza viral particles from an infected cell.
D) It interferes with the activity of the viral enzyme reverse transcriptase.
E) It binds to and inhibits the viral protease enzyme, which cleaves large viral proteins into the smaller proteins needed for viral assembly.
G) All of the above
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A problem in the development of antiviral drugs is that viral replication is tied so intimately to the host. Because they use the host's replicative machinery to replicate, viruses offer fewer unique targets for antiviral drugs than other microorganisms do. Additionally, when viruses are outside the host cell, they are metabolically inactive, meaning there are few if any viral processes to attack with drugs. As a further complication, since viruses only replicate inside host cells, any effective antiviral drug must be able to penetrate host cells without harming them.
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A) when a patient is infected with an unknown pathogen
B) when the patient is immunocompromised
C) when antibiotics are being used prophylactically
D) when an infection is in a well-oxygenated region of the body
E) when Gram-negative bacteria have infected an ordinarily sterile region of the body
G) C) and E)
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A) to reduce disease transmission among domestic animals
B) to increase the growth rate of domestic animals
C) to reduce the likelihood of drug resistance
D) All of the above are correct.
E) Both "a" and "b" are correct.
G) A) and D)
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E
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A) when the patient is infected with an unknown pathogen
B) when the patient is immunocompromised
C) when Gram-negative bacteria have infected an ordinarily sterile region of the body
D) in a well-oxygenated region of the body
E) when the patient is in danger of going into shock from endotoxin poisoning
G) A) and E)
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A) an infection contracted at one's place of work, or at school
B) an infection contracted from an animal
C) an infection contracted from improperly prepared food
D) an infection contracted during a stay in the hospital
E) an infection that a health care worker contracts from a patient
G) A) and B)
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A) act by interfering with cell wall synthesis.
B) bind to and interfere with bacterial ribosomes.
C) interfere with bacterial DNA replicaton.
D) interfere with the activity of a bacterial enzyme.
E) disrupt the production of mycolic acids by acid-fast bacteria.
G) A) and C)
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A) pasteurization
B) autoclaving
C) filtration
D) the addition of heavy metals
F) A) and B)
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