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A serum titer involves:


A) serially diluting a serum sample.
B) determining the lowest dilution of serum that produces a visible reaction.
C) determining the highest dilution of antigen that produces a visible reaction.
D) the Western blot method.
E) None of the above mentioned choices.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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When antigen-antibody reactions are used to read a _____, they determine the quantity of antibodies in the serum.

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Which of the following is involved in the in vitro diagnostic testing of serum?


A) mycology
B) hematology
C) serology
D) histology
E) virology

F) All of the above
G) C) and D)

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C

Which of the following is not a biochemical test used to identify a pathogen?


A) Acid-fast reaction
B) Hydrolysis of gelatin
C) Coagulase production
D) Oxygen requirements
E) Carbohydrate fermentation

F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

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A

Precipitation tests involve all of the following, except:


A) they rely on formation of visible clumps for detection.
B) they include the VDRL test for syphilis.
C) they are often performed in agar gels.
D) they can be done in a test tube by carefully adding antiserum over antigen solution.
E) a cloudy or opaque zone developing where antigen and antibody react

F) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Test systems involving which of the following has greatly improved the specificity of immunological tests?


A) monoclonal antibodies
B) electronics
C) enzymes
D) radioactivity
E) All of the choices are correct.

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Which test uses radioactive isotopes to label antibodies or antigens in order to detect minute amounts of corresponding antigen or antibody?


A) Ouchterlony double diffusion
B) Western blot
C) immunelectrophoresis
D) radioimmunoassay (RIA)
E) the Quellung test

F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

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All of the following are correct about the indirect ELISA, except:


A) it can detect antibodies in a serum sample.
B) it is the common screening test for antibodies to Helicobacter.
C) color development indicates that antibody was not present in the patient's serum.
D) it is the common screening test for antibodies to Hepatitis A.
E) a known antigen is adsorbed to the surface of a well.

F) C) and D)
G) C) and E)

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Whole antigens are detected in which type of test?


A) cross-reactions
B) agglutination
C) precipitation
D) specificity
E) sensitivity

F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

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All of the following are routine biochemical tests to aid in identifying a species, except:


A) motility.
B) carbohydrate fermentation.
C) catalase test.
D) oxidase test.
E) coagulase test.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Horseradish peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase are enzymes used in _____ tests.

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The property of a test to detect only a certain antibody or antigen, and not to react with any others, is:


A) cross-reactions.
B) agglutination.
C) precipitation.
D) specificity.
E) sensitivity.

F) None of the above
G) B) and E)

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In indirect fluorescent testing, fluorescent _____ are used to react with the Fc region of another, specific, serum antibody.

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The tuberculin test is an example of an in vivo serological test.

A) True
B) False

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All of the following are methods to diagnose viral infections, except:


A) detection of viral nucleic acid using specific probes.
B) Western blot.
C) cells taken from patient are examined for evidence of viral infection.
D) signs and symptoms.
E) the light microscope.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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The physician orders an antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer test to check for rheumatic fever. A patient serum sample is exposed to known suspensions of streptolysin and then allowed to incubate with RBCs? If the patient does have rheumatic fever, what will happen?


A) Not enough information is provided to speculate.
B) The red blood cells will lyse.
C) The red blood cells will agglutinate only.
D) The red blood cells will not lyse.
E) None of the above.
F) The red blood cells will fluoresce.

G) A) and C)
H) All of the above

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Which test is the confirming test for people who initially tested antibody-positive in the screening ELISA test?


A) Ouchterlony double diffusion
B) Western blot
C) immunelectrophoresis
D) radioimmunoassay (RIA)
E) the Quellung test

F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

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A rising antibody titer a few days apart indicates:


A) The patient had a past case of the disease.
B) The patient has a current infection.
C) Nothing, people always have antibodies in their serum.
D) All of the above mentioned choices are possible.
E) None of the above mentioned choices are possible.

F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

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Which of the following choices are true about the dyes fluorescein and rhodamine?


A) They can be used to label antibodies in immunofluorescence tests.
B) They emit visible light in response to ultraviolet radiation.
C) They are observed in the fluorescent microscope.
D) They re used to identify pathogens of chlamydiosis, Legionnaires' disease, and others.
E) All of the choices are true.

F) D) and E)
G) All of the above

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E

Compare and contrast agglutination and precipitation reactions, and include a description of one test for each type of reaction.

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Agglutination and precipitation reaction...

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