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Which of the following is the outermost layer of the skin?


A) Dermis
B) Epidermis
C) Adipose tissue
D) Fascia

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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You are dispatched to a local industrial plant for an "electrical injury." You arrive on-scene and find a 46-year-old male lying supine in front of an electrical panel.You are told he was attempting to make a repair and somehow received an electrical shock and was thrown to the ground.The scene is safe and the electricity is off.Your initial exam reveals a conscious person,breathing adequately.Vital signs are normal and there are no obvious signs of burns.Coworkers state that he was unconscious until your arrival.What is the next step?


A) Load and go-conduct any other care in the ambulance en route due to the potential seriousness of the burns.
B) Put the patient on oxygen and help him into your ambulance.
C) Stay with the patient awhile, and if he does not appear to be in distress, encourage him to refuse care.
D) While on the scene, rapidly do a complete assessment, provide oxygen, provide care for potential spine injuries, and transport as soon as possible after the exam.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is NOT true concerning lacerations?


A) They may indicate deeper underlying tissue damage.
B) They may be caused by penetrating trauma.
C) They may be caused by blunt trauma.
D) They may be degloving injuries to the skin or tissue.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following injuries requires the use of an occlusive dressing?


A) Open wound to the neck
B) Open wound to the abdomen from which a loop of intestine is protruding
C) Open wound to the chest
D) All of the above

E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Your patient is a 32-year-old man with a fish hook that has perforated his hand between the thumb and index finger.Which of the following is the best way to manage the situation in the prehospital setting?


A) Push the hook through the wound to avoid further damage from the barbed end.
B) Leave the hook in place and try not to disturb it.
C) Apply a pressure dressing over the hook.
D) Pull the hook out from the same direction in which it entered the hand.

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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Bleeding from soft-tissue injuries should initially be controlled with which one of the following techniques?


A) Application of an ice pack or chemical cold pack
B) Direct pressure
C) Elevation of the injured part
D) Running cold water over the wound

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is NOT a type of avulsion?


A) The skin is partially torn away from the foot.
B) A finger is cut off with a butcher's saw.
C) An ear is partially torn away from the head.
D) The skin is stripped off the hand, like removing a glove.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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According to the rule of nines for infants and young children,the patient's head and neck account for what percentage of the total body surface area?


A) 13.5%
B) 14%
C) 9%
D) 18%

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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A 36-year-old man has accidentally shot a nail into his thigh while using a nail gun.Under which of the following circumstances should the EMT remove the nail from the injury site?


A) The nail is less than 2 inches in length.
B) The patient's distal pulse, motor function, and sensation are intact.
C) Bleeding from the wound is minimal.
D) None of the above

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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Your patient is a 40-year-old male who has been exposed to a dry chemical powder and is complaining of severe pain on both of his hands,the site of the contact.He is working in an illegal chemical manufacturing plant and there is no decontamination shower on site.Which of the following would be the BEST way to manage this situation?


A) Have the fire department connect to a hydrant and spray down the patient from head to toe.
B) Brush away as much powder as possible and then pour a bottle of sterile saline solution over his hands.
C) Brush away as much of the powder as possible and then have the patient hold his hands under running water from a faucet or regular garden hose.
D) Brush away the powder and bandage the hands in a position of function.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following BEST describes a partial thickness burn?


A) The skin is red, but dry and painful.
B) The skin is charred or blackened and lacks sensation.
C) The skin is white and dry with no sensation of pain.
D) The skin is red and moist with blister formation.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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You are examining a 48-year-old patient who has been burned.You decide to use the rule of palm to measure the extent of the burn.What does this mean?


A) The palm of your hand represents 1% of the body's surface area.
B) The palm of the patient's hand equals about 1% of the body's surface area.
C) The palm of the patient's hand equals 9% of the body's surface area.
D) You can only use the rule of palm for children, so you would use the rule of nines instead.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Which type of wound has a small opening into the skin,but may be quite deep,and is often caused by instruments such as nails,ice picks,or pencils?


A) Avulsion
B) Laceration
C) Puncture
D) Incision

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following patients has the greatest likelihood of being cared for in a burn center?


A) 45-year-old man who has a full thickness burn about 3 inches long by 1/2 inch wide on his posterior arm from backing into a barbecue grill
B) 30-year-old woman who has deep partial thickness burns on her hand and arm as a result of spilling hot cooking oil on herself
C) 12-year-old male with a superficial partial thickness burn involving his forearm as a result of making a torch by lighting aerosol from a can of hairspray
D) 16-year-old female who came into contact with a motorcycle exhaust pipe and has a full thickness burn on her leg about 2 inches in diameter

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is a description of the rule of nines for an adult?


A) The rule of nines assigns 9% to the head and neck, each upper extremity, the chest, the abdomen, the upper back, the lower back and buttocks, the front of each lower extremity, and the back of each lower extremity, then 1% to the genital region.
B) The rule of nines assigns 9% to the head and neck, as well as each upper extremity; 10% to the chest, the abdomen, and the upper back; 8% to the lower back and buttocks, the front of each lower extremity, and the back of each lower extremity, then 1% to the genital region.
C) The rule of nines assigns 9% to the head and neck, each upper extremity, the chest, the abdomen, the upper back, and the lower back and buttocks; 8% to the front of each lower extremity; and 10% for the back of each lower extremity, then 1% to the genital region.
D) The rule of nines assigns 9% to the head and neck; 6% to each upper extremity; 12% to the chest and abdomen; 9% to the upper back, the lower back and buttocks, the front of each lower extremity, and the back of each lower extremity, then 1% to the genital region.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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While assessing a patient with partial thickness burns to his chest and neck,what should be your highest priority (even if there are no symptoms presently) ?


A) Blood pressure
B) Airway
C) Hypothermia
D) Bleeding

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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When using the rule of palm to estimate the approximate body surface area burned,the patient's palm equals about what percentage of the body's surface area (BSA) ?


A) 1%
B) 2%
C) 5%
D) 3%

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is of concern with a puncture wound?


A) An object that remains impaled in the body
B) Hidden internal bleeding with minimal external bleeding
C) Strong possibility of contamination
D) All of the above

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is of concern in a patient who received burns to his hand when he grabbed a live electrical wire?


A) The extent of tissue damage may be much greater than it appears on the surface.
B) The burning will continue for hours, perhaps days.
C) The patient remains an electrocution hazard to rescuers for several minutes after being removed from the source of electricity.
D) Toxic gases were inhaled.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is NOT appropriate in caring for a patient with closed soft-tissue injuries and a significant mechanism of injury?


A) Treat for shock if you think there are internal injuries even if the patient's vital signs are normal.
B) Anticipate vomiting.
C) Splint any swollen, deformed extremities.
D) Allow the patient to have small sips of water.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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