Question 1

The consequences for a child of having one type of temperament versus another largely depends upon

Accepted Answer

A)   the age of the child, because people are much more accepting of a difficult temperament in a young child.
B)   how flexible the child is when he or she is confronted with new experiences.
C)   the goodness of fit between the child's characteristics and the demands of the environment.
D)   the gender of the child, because people are more willing to accept a difficult temperament in a boy than in a girl.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Early-onset conduct disorder is associated with all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)   ethnic minority status.
B)   inadequate parenting.
C)   neurocognitive problems.
D)   temperament and behavior problems.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 3

The pattern of attachment called anxious avoidant attachment has been associated with a caregiver who is

Accepted Answer

A)   intrusive or even may have been abusive.
B)   unresponsive to the needs to the infant.
C)   able to anticipate the infant's needs before the infant even signals what he needs.
D)   overly responsive to the signals of the infant.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 4

The amount of distress that a child shows when she is separated from her mother in the Strange Situation is the best indicator of the type of attachment the child has to her mother.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

A fear which has no rational basis and which is so severe that it interferes with day-to-day functioning is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   anxiety disorder.
B)   innate fear.
C)   panic disorder.
D)   a phobia.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 6

Cross-cultural studies of attachment have found that the proportion of children classified as securely attached _________ differ from one country to another, but the proportion of infants in the different categories of insecure attachment _________ differ.

Accepted Answer

A)   did; also did
B)   did; did not
C)   did not; did
D)   did not; also did notE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

Jeffrey is an infant who has a mother that smiles at him often, plays with him, but doesn't pick him up when he cries. When he is sleepy, she tries to get him to stay awake to read books. When he is sad, she tries to make him laugh. Jeffrey most likely has developed a(n)  __________ attachment.

Accepted Answer

A)   anxious avoidant
B)   disorganized/disoriented
C)   anxious ambivalent
D)   resistantE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 8

One half preschool children who display higher levels of aggression no longer show these symptoms by the time they have entered school.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Stranger anxiety develops in infants during the stage of

Accepted Answer

A)   preattachment.
B)   attachment in the making.
C)   clear-cut attachment.
D)   goal-corrected partnership.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

The symbolic representation of a particular attachment relationship is what Bowlby called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   internal working model.
B)   secure base.
C)   safe haven.
D)   schema.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 11

When an infant has a strong attachment to the father, he/she is less likely to have a strong attachment with the mother.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

When an infant has a secure attachment to a parent, the infant can

Accepted Answer

A)   begin developing the early stages of language.
B)   work on individuating from the parent.
C)   focus on cognitive development, such as developing object permanence.
D)   venture away from the parent to explore the environment.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

Boys and more likely to be diagnosed with early-onset conduct disorder and girls are more likely to be diagnosed with adolescent-onset conduct disorder.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The four types of attachment described by Ainsworth are based on two dimensions. They are

Accepted Answer

A)   control and demandingness.
B)   security and organization of behavior.
C)   approach and avoidance.
D)   sensitivity and responsiveness.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Self-conscious emotions are also known as:

Accepted Answer

A)   primary emotions.
B)   secondary emotions.
C)   reflexive emotions.
D)   interpretative emotions.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Security of attachment is not likely to change over time because characteristics of parenting remain stable over time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Cross-cultural research on attachment has found that

Accepted Answer

A)   mothers all over the world describe the characteristics of a securely attached infant in the same way.
B)   what mothers consider to be the characteristics of a securely attached infant can differ from one culture to another.
C)   all mothers say that they want their infants to be independent and to be able to move away from them to explore the environment.
D)   in all cultures studied to date, a mother being very controlling of her infant is a characteristic associated with maternal sensitivity and responsiveness.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 18

When a baby feels safe and secure in the presence of the caregiver to whom she is attached, she can

Accepted Answer

A)   work on her cognitive development, such as developing object permanence.
B)   rely exclusively on that caregiver without the need to develop other secure attachments.
C)   use the caregiver as a secure base and begin exploring the environment.
D)   indiscriminately attach to any other people that the baby encounters.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

The most effective approach to treating children with reactive attachment disorder has been to

Accepted Answer

A)   work with the extended family, not just the parents.
B)   improve the quality of the parents' martial relationship.
C)   develop the mother's sensitivity to her baby.
D)   work with children who were 2 years old or older when they were adopted.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Individuals in individualistic cultures, such as the United States, are more reluctant to express their emotions than individuals in collectivist cultures, such as Japan.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 10: Emotional Development and Attachment

When an infant has a strong attachment to the father, he/she is less likely to have a strong attachment with the mother.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The consequences for a child of having one type of temperament versus another largely depends upon

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Individuals in individualistic cultures, such as the United States, are more reluctant to express their emotions than individuals in collectivist cultures, such as Japan.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One half preschool children who display higher levels of aggression no longer show these symptoms by the time they have entered school.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Boys and more likely to be diagnosed with early-onset conduct disorder and girls are more likely to be diagnosed with adolescent-onset conduct disorder.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jeffrey is an infant who has a mother that smiles at him often, plays with him, but doesn't pick him up when he cries. When he is sleepy, she tries to get him to stay awake to read books. When he is sad, she tries to make him laugh. Jeffrey most likely has developed a(n) __________ attachment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Stranger anxiety develops in infants during the stage of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most effective approach to treating children with reactive attachment disorder has been to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When an infant has a secure attachment to a parent, the infant can

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a baby feels safe and secure in the presence of the caregiver to whom she is attached, she can

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Self-conscious emotions are also known as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A fear which has no rational basis and which is so severe that it interferes with day-to-day functioning is called a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The pattern of attachment called anxious avoidant attachment has been associated with a caregiver who is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cross-cultural research on attachment has found that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The amount of distress that a child shows when she is separated from her mother in the Strange Situation is the best indicator of the type of attachment the child has to her mother.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Early-onset conduct disorder is associated with all of the following except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The four types of attachment described by Ainsworth are based on two dimensions. They are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cross-cultural studies of attachment have found that the proportion of children classified as securely attached _________ differ from one country to another, but the proportion of infants in the different categories of insecure attachment _________ differ.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The symbolic representation of a particular attachment relationship is what Bowlby called a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Security of attachment is not likely to change over time because characteristics of parenting remain stable over time.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Cross-cultural studies of attachment have found that the proportion of children classified as securely attached _ differ from one country to another, but the proportion of infants in the different categories of insecure attachment _ differ.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified