Question 1

A polished surface produced by scraping of rock along a fault is termed a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  orogeny
B)  phylogeny
C)  aureole
D)  slickensideE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

How is tectonic foliation,such as elongation of quartz grains,oriented relative to the original bedding plane of a body of rock?

Accepted Answer

A)  Foliation is parallel to original bedding.
B)  Foliation is at about 45° to original bedding.
C)  Foliation is perpendicular to original bedding.
D)  Foliation can be at a variety of angles to original bedding.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 3

A fold shaped like an elongate arch is a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  anticline
B)  basin
C)  dome
D)  synclineE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

Normal,reverse,and thrust are all examples of ________ faults.

Accepted Answer

A)  strike-slip
B)  dip-slip
C)  oblique-slip
D)  lateralE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 5

How were nearly all of the present mountain ranges formed?

Accepted Answer

A)  tilting of rift blocks into half grabens
B)  compression of areas along transform plate boundaries
C)  addition of accreted terranes to the continents
D)  repeated cycles of collision and riftingE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

In a ________ fault,the fault plane is nonvertical and the hanging-wall block moves downward relative to the footwall block.

Accepted Answer

A)  detachment
B)  normal
C)  reverse
D)  thrustE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Shear stress at sufficient depth within a fault plane can induce plastic shear,forming a fine-grained metamorphic rock named ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ignimbrite
B)  gneiss
C)  mylonite
D)  migmatiteE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Orogenesis (mountain building) leads to the production of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  metamorphic rocks
B)  igneous and sedimentary rocks
C)  metamorphic and igneous rocks
D)  igneous,metamorphic,and sedimentary rocksE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 9

An episode of mountain building is termed a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  orogeny
B)  phylogeny
C)  aureole
D)  slickensideE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 10

If a fault plane is less than 35° from horizontal and the hanging-wall block moves upward relative to the footwall block,the fault is a ________ fault.

Accepted Answer

A)  detachment
B)  normal
C)  reverse
D)  thrustE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 11

On a geologic map,if the contacts between sedimentary rock units form a bull's-eye pattern of concentric circles,with the oldest unit in the center,the underlying structure is a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  anticline
B)  basin
C)  dome
D)  synclineE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 12

How is stress different from strain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Strain is a measure of the total displacement on a fault.
B)  Stress is the change in shape of a rock due to applied strain.
C)  Strain is the change in shape of a rock due to applied stress.
D)  They are not different: stress and strain are synonymous.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

Force per unit area is termed ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  stress
B)  strain
C)  power
D)  workE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 14

How is stress different from force?

Accepted Answer

A)  Force is the stress applied per unit area.
B)  Stress is the force applied per unit area.
C)  Force comes from one direction,while stress comes from all directions.
D)  They are not different: stress and force are synonymous.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 15

Which of these features would NOT help a geologist recognize a fault?

Accepted Answer

A)  different rock units juxtaposed against each other
B)  a small step on the landscape
C)  a shattered rock consisting of visible angular fragments
D)  regularly spaced quartz veinsE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 16

There are many ways in which uplift can occur,but all of them reflect ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  compressional forces
B)  the effects of weathering and erosion
C)  subduction zone processes
D)  the lithosphere's tendency to achieve isostasyE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 17

A body of rock affected by tensile stress will likely undergo ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  shortening
B)  stretching
C)  shear strain
D)  rotationE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 18

In the map below,the vertical,north-south trending fault is a ________ fault.

Accepted Answer

A)  normal dip-slip
B)  reverse dip-slip
C)  right-lateral strike-slip
D)  left-lateral strike-slipE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

On a geologic map,if the contacts between sedimentary rock units form a bull's-eye pattern of concentric circles,with the youngest unit in the center,the underlying structure is a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  anticline
B)  basin
C)  dome
D)  synclineE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Regularly spaced joints in an outcrop may indicate that an area ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is under intense shear stress
B)  has experienced compressional stress
C)  is underlain by a thrust fault
D)  is formed from rocks that were once at great depthE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 11: Crags,cracks,and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

In a ________ fault,the fault plane is nonvertical and the hanging-wall block moves downward relative to the footwall block.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An episode of mountain building is termed a(n) ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

On a geologic map,if the contacts between sedimentary rock units form a bull's-eye pattern of concentric circles,with the oldest unit in the center,the underlying structure is a(n) ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A polished surface produced by scraping of rock along a fault is termed a(n) ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Regularly spaced joints in an outcrop may indicate that an area ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Normal,reverse,and thrust are all examples of ________ faults.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a fault plane is less than 35° from horizontal and the hanging-wall block moves upward relative to the footwall block,the fault is a ________ fault.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A body of rock affected by tensile stress will likely undergo ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How is stress different from strain?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A fold shaped like an elongate arch is a(n) ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these features would NOT help a geologist recognize a fault?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the map below,the vertical,north-south trending fault is a ________ fault.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How were nearly all of the present mountain ranges formed?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There are many ways in which uplift can occur,but all of them reflect ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How is tectonic foliation,such as elongation of quartz grains,oriented relative to the original bedding plane of a body of rock?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How is stress different from force?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Shear stress at sufficient depth within a fault plane can induce plastic shear,forming a fine-grained metamorphic rock named ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Force per unit area is termed ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Orogenesis (mountain building) leads to the production of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

On a geologic map,if the contacts between sedimentary rock units form a bull's-eye pattern of concentric circles,with the youngest unit in the center,the underlying structure is a(n) ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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