Question 1

The low levels of genetic variation in contemporary human populations are likely due to the fact that contemporary humans

Accepted Answer

A)   all come from a single female ancestor, the mitochondrial Eve.
B)   all come from a single male ancestor, Adam.
C)   arose from a very small population.
D)   arose from a very large population.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 2

Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans in the Middle East

Accepted Answer

A)   have an ancestor-descendant relationship.
B)   lived side-by-side for thousands of years.
C)   did not overlap in time.
D)   are almost indistinguishable in their anatomy.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 3

Derived features of anatomically modern humans included

Accepted Answer

A)   thicker bones.
B)   a rounded skull.
C)   lack of a mental eminence (no chin) .
D)   shorter stature across the entire species.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

The postcranial skeleton of modern humans

Accepted Answer

A)   is more robust than Neanderthal skeletons.
B)   includes heavily built hands.
C)   is characterized by long limbs with thin-walled bones.
D)   has a larger crural index.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 5

Imagine you are an archaeologist working in the Czech Republic. You have found remains of a hearth within a large structure that appears to have been constructed with the bones of a woolly mammoth. Which hominin species is responsible for this site?

Accepted Answer

A)   Homo erectus.
B)   Neanderthals.
C)   Denisovans.
D)   Homo sapiens.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 6

If there was a human revolution, it may have been caused by a

Accepted Answer

A)   cognitive adaptation such as a mutation that allowed fully modern speech.
B)   population of modern humans from Africa replacing Eurasian ones.
C)   hybridization of modern humans with Eurasian humans.
D)   period of climate stability.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Bone, antler, and teeth are known to have been used to construct which types of tools?

Accepted Answer

A)   Acheulean
B)   Mousterian
C)   Oldowan
D)   Upper PaleolithicE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

How does the archaeological evidence support the hypothesis that modern humans arose in Africa?

Accepted Answer

The archaeological evidence also support...

Question 9

mtDNA is inherited

Accepted Answer

A)   from the father.
B)   from the mother.
C)   from both the father and the mother.
D)   mostly from the father, but some from the mother.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 10

The most likely explanation for the evolution of modern human behavior is that

Accepted Answer

A)   the components of modern human behavior and technology gradually evolved in Africa along with modern human morphology over a period of about 200,000 years.
B)   there was a human revolution in Asia 45,000 years ago.
C)   what seems like a revolutionary change in Europe simply reflects the migration of modern people from Asia to Europe.
D)   modern human behavior arose 12,000 years ago with the advent of Mode 4 tool industries.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 11

Genetic evidence indicates that humans underwent a ________ between 90,000 and 200,000 years ago, which is why the human species is less genetically variable than are other species.

Accepted Answer

A)   geographic expansion
B)   bottleneck
C)   geologic catastrophe
D)   cultural revolutionE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 12

Among the differences between Upper Paleolithic peoples and Neanderthals are that Upper Paleolithic peoples

Accepted Answer

A)   had shorter life spans than Neanderthals.
B)   lived at higher densities than Neanderthals.
C)   were more likely to suffer injuries than Neanderthals.
D)   lived over a much smaller geographical region than Neanderthals.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

The fact that humans lived in Australia by 40 kya suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)   they were capable of walking very long distances.
B)   they migrated there from Europe.
C)   glaciers extended into the Southern Hemisphere.
D)   they were capable of building boats.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 14

Imagine you are a paleoanthropologist. You have found a fossil that dates to 190 kya in Africa, and it has a high, rounded skull, a cranial capacity of 1,400 cc, and long, thin femora (thigh bones) . How would you classify this specimen?

Accepted Answer

A)   Homo ergaster
B)   Homo heidelbergensis
C)   Homo sapiens
D)   Homo neanderthalensisE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 15

The earliest Australians are associated with

Accepted Answer

A)   Acheulean tools.
B)   sites dated to 75,000 years ago.
C)   ceremonial burials and cremations.
D)   Homo floresiensis.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 16

What was the main difference between modern human and Neanderthal subsistence strategies?

Accepted Answer

A)   Neanderthals hunted more dangerous game.
B)   Humans hunted a greater variety of prey species.
C)   Neanderthals obtained more of their diet from plants.
D)   Humans lived in colder climates and therefore ate more cold-adapted species.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

During the human Cultural Revolution, innovations included

Accepted Answer

A)   the exclusive use of stones for tools.
B)   the exclusive use of animal material for tools.
C)   local use of raw materials.
D)   long-distance transportation of raw materials.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Modern ________ populations are genetically more variable than other populations.

Accepted Answer

A)   American
B)   Asian
C)   African
D)   EuropeanE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of behavior almost totally unique to modern humans?

Accepted Answer

A)   Tool use
B)   Art
C)   Living in Europe
D)   Living in a social groupE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 20

Modern human skulls are characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)   an angled occipital.
B)   a low, retreating forehead.
C)   a small nasal aperture (nose) .
D)   robust postcranial bones.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Exam 13: Homo sapiens and the Evolution of Modern Human Behavior

The low levels of genetic variation in contemporary human populations are likely due to the fact that contemporary humans

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mtDNA is inherited

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If there was a human revolution, it may have been caused by a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Genetic evidence indicates that humans underwent a ________ between 90,000 and 200,000 years ago, which is why the human species is less genetically variable than are other species.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of behavior almost totally unique to modern humans?

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Bone, antler, and teeth are known to have been used to construct which types of tools?

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How does the archaeological evidence support the hypothesis that modern humans arose in Africa?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe archaeological evidence also support...View AnswerShow Answer

Imagine you are a paleoanthropologist. You have found a fossil that dates to 190 kya in Africa, and it has a high, rounded skull, a cranial capacity of 1,400 cc, and long, thin femora (thigh bones) . How would you classify this specimen?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Among the differences between Upper Paleolithic peoples and Neanderthals are that Upper Paleolithic peoples

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What was the main difference between modern human and Neanderthal subsistence strategies?

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Modern ________ populations are genetically more variable than other populations.

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The postcranial skeleton of modern humans

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The fact that humans lived in Australia by 40 kya suggests that

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The most likely explanation for the evolution of modern human behavior is that

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Derived features of anatomically modern humans included

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The earliest Australians are associated with

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During the human Cultural Revolution, innovations included

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Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans in the Middle East

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Imagine you are an archaeologist working in the Czech Republic. You have found remains of a hearth within a large structure that appears to have been constructed with the bones of a woolly mammoth. Which hominin species is responsible for this site?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Modern human skulls are characterized by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The archaeological evidence also support...
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