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Explain the innovations Byzantine architects developed. Discuss specific features from at least three buildings and include all three periods (Early, Middle, and Late Byzantine) in your essay. Use examples to support your essay.

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Byzantine architects developed several i...

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Whose relics were obtained from Egypt for Venice?


A) Saint Matthew
B) Saint Mark
C) Saint Luke
D) Saint John

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Reflecting the tradition of ancient art, ____ accompany the Old Testament harpist in the image of David Composing the Psalms .


A) Roman emperors
B) images of pagan deities
C) other sacred figures
D) allegorical figures

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following events changed the fortunes of Byzantium in the final or Late Byzantine period?


A) The defeat of the Sasanians in 1261
B) The Seljuk Turks captured most of Anatolia
C) William II of Sicily sought an alliance with Constantinople
D) A successful treaty was negotiated between Constantinople and Rome

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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How is Mary represented in the Vladimir Virgin ?

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It is a tender and personalized image of...

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The architects of Hagia Sophia fused the central plan and the basilica by ____.


A) placing several domes on the nave
B) placing a hemispherical dome on a square base
C) dividing the nave and side aisles with walls
D) intersecting two basilicas

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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The presence of the ____ embroidered on Theodora's garment in Theodora and attendants, the mosaic on at San Vitale, Ravenna, underscored her elevated rank.


A) chi rho iota
B) three mage
C) Virgin and Child
D) imperial eagle

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Compare the Lamentation from Nerezi and the Anastasis from the Church of Christ in Chora. How are they different? Why? Consider the political climate for each work and why it is relevant.

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The Lamentation from Nerezi and the Anas...

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In place of images, the iconoclasts used only symbolic forms, such as the ____, which were already familiar in early Christian art.


A) bearded Christ on the cross
B) Holy family
C) cross
D) Transfiguration

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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Compare the mosaics of Saint Catherine, Sinai, and San Vitale, Ravenna. What changes have been incorporated into San Vitale, and why?

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The mosaics of Saint Catherine, Sinai, a...

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Among the new Byzantine features that appeared in the mosaics at San Vitale is ____.


A) an elaborate setting
B) the absence of solid bodies
C) naturalistic action
D) a variety of gestures

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The model for the Archangel Michael was a ____.


A) monk
B) Roman emperor
C) Gospel writer
D) winged Victory

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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____ remained the Byzantine foothold in Italy for two centuries.


A) Naples
B) Florence
C) Venice
D) Ravenna

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following reasons likely persuaded Emperor Leo III to initiate iconoclasm?


A) The loss of almost two-thirds of Byzantine territory
B) To prepare for a visit from the Latin pope
C) The creation of images was too expensive
D) To commemorate his conversion to Islam

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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The medium used for the icon of the Virgin (Theotokos) and Child between Saints Theodore and George is which of the following?


A) Encaustic
B) Oil on panel
C) Mosaic
D) Fresco

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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Discuss the consequences of the Iconoclasm and its effect on Early Byzantine art. How did the Iconoclasm affect Middle Byzantine art? Include in your discussion the reasons for the iconoclasm. Use examples to support your essay.

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The Iconoclasm, which took place in the ...

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Why is it significant that the Anastasis is found in the parekklesion , a side chapel, in this instance a funerary chapel, of the church of Christ in Chora?

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The subject matter of the Anastasis is t...

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The dome on the Katholikon, Hosios Loukas, is formed by ____.


A) pendentives
B) bemas
C) supporting octagons
D) squinches

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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The interior mosaic program for Saint Mark's has explanatory labels written in both Greek and Latin. What accounts for this?


A) It accommodates the needs of Venice's diverse population.
B) It reflects the political ambitions of the bishop of Venice.
C) It reflects Venice's position as a link between East and West.
D) It accommodates the needs of the patriarch of Constantinople.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Explain the importance of Basil I.

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He thought of himself as the "Restorer o...

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