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Exam 14: Globalization 1970-2000

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Question 31

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Which of the following led to the survival of local cultures at the end of the twentieth century?

A) Local cultures lived on, and in some cases were revived, through challenges to the authority of nation-states.
B) Local cultures were encouraged by the expansion of global media.
C) Local cultures were revived by the arts and crafts movement.
D) Local cultures were protected by the United Nations as part of its declaration of human rights.

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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Question 32

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During the 1970s and 1980s, which of the following most significantly weakened the Soviet bloc?

A) Some of the Soviet bloc member-states defected to the Balkan alliance.
B) The Soviet bloc's Western rivals outpaced the bloc economically.
C) Religious warfare broke out within the Soviet bloc.
D) Border disputes devastated the Soviet bloc.

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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Question 33

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In the 1970s, which of the following led to declining migration northward from southern European countries, such as Spain and Italy?

Which of the following is a reason why homesteaders' attempts to farm and ranch in the Amazon rain forest ultimately were unsuccessful?

Which of the following was one of the causes of the protests at Tiananmen Square in 1989?

Why were the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) accused of engaging in neo-imperialism at the end of the twentieth century?

In the 1980s, the U.S. government played the leading role in mobilizing anti-Soviet opposition in the Eastern bloc.

Which of the following countries used both rewards and strict penalties to bring down their birth rate in the 1980s?

What happened to the global distribution of wealth by the end of the twentieth century?

As the feminist movement became a global movement, women worldwide called for which of the following changes to their status?

Questions refer to the map below. Food Consumption and Famine since 1940s -Which of the following developments helped improve food security for much of the Third World after the 1940s?

Which of the following contributed to the globalization of the late twentieth-century world?

Which of the following was an effect of U.S. President Richard Nixon's decision to take the dollar off the gold standard?

Questions refer to the passage below. "As peoples, we reaffirm our rights to self-determination and to own, control and manage our ancestral lands and territories, waters and other resources. . . . We are the original peoples tied to the land by our umbilical cords and the dust of our ancestors. Our special places are sacred and demand the highest respect. . . . Our traditional knowledge is not in the public domain . . . unauthorized use and misappropriation of traditional knowledge is theft. Economic globalization constitutes one of the main obstacles for the recognition of the rights of Indigenous Peoples. Transnational corporations and industrialized countries impose their global agenda on the negotiations and agreements of the United Nations system, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the World Trade Organization and other bodies . . . Indigenous Peoples, our lands and territories are not objects of tourism development. . . .We are responsible to defend our lands, territories, and indigenous peoples against tourism exploitation by governments, development agencies, private enterprises, NGOs, and individuals. Recognizing the vital role that pastoralism and hunting-gathering play in the livelihood of many Indigenous Peoples, we urge governments to recognize, accept, support, and invest in pastoralism and hunting-gathering as viable and sustainable economic systems." Exerpt from The Kimberly Declaration International Indigenous Peoples Summit on Sustainable Development Kimberly, South Africa, August, 2002 -What does the claim in the first paragraph warn against?

Why did the nation-state's political and cultural power to define its citizens' collective identity decline in the latter part of the twentieth century, and what other patterns of organization emerged?

Indian economist and Nobel laureate Amartya Sen argues which of the following in regards to the relationship between democracy and economic dynamism?

By the end of the twentieth century, what type of marketable products had become key to any country's acquisition of wealth and power?

Despite heated rhetoric, the overall levels of military spending by the superpowers decreased during the 1970s and 1980s.

Questions refer to the passage below. "The right to reproductive choice means that women have a right to choose whether or not to reproduce . . . A violation of this right was revealed by a nongovernmental report on widespread pregnancy-based discrimination against women employed in Mexico's export-processing (maquiladora) sector. . . . women applying for work in this sector were routinely required to undergo pregnancy testing for screening, and that employed women were forced to resign when they became pregnant. In some factories, women were obliged to show sanitary napkins to company nurses as a condition of ongoing employment. The right to family planning education, information, and services is key to reproductive choice, and central to women's sexual and reproductive health, especially given the risk of maternal mortality and the illegality of abortion in many countries." Dr. Carmel Shalev "Rights to Sexual and Reproductive Health," International Conference on Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India (1998) -Which of the following does the conference speech by Dr. Carmen Shalev on the international state of women's sexual and reproductive health demonstrate?

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) reached a new level of influence in the latter part of the twentieth century for which of the following reasons?