Question 1

The lipids in the cytoplasmic membrane of Bacteria and ________ contain ester linkages, while the cytoplasmic membrane of ________ contain ether linkages.

Accepted Answer

A)   Archaea / Eukarya
B)   Archaea / fungi
C)   Eukarya / prokaryotes
D)   Eukarya / ArchaeaE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 2

Cellular inclusions in prokaryotic cells serve to

Accepted Answer

A)   store energy rich compounds.
B)   protect DNA.
C)   position cells in the appropriate environment for survival.
D)   store energy rich compounds and position cells in the appropriate environment for survival.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 3

You have discovered a new bacterial strain that causes urinary tract infections. Closely related bacterial species cannot cause infections. You compare the strains and find that your new strain has structures composed of protein external to its cell wall. What structures might your new strain have that the other strains do not? Why?

Accepted Answer

Pili or fimbrae are the most likely stru...

Question 4

The Golgi complex functions to

Accepted Answer

A)   modify and secrete proteins to the external environment.
B)   sort proteins used within the cell.
C)   both modify and sort proteins into those destined for secretion and those that function in membrane structures.
D)   synthesize proteins.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 5

In general, most cell inclusions function as energy reserves or as a reservoir of structural building blocks.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Some archaea have unique phospholipids in their cytoplasmic membrane that

Accepted Answer

A)   form a monolayer due to the presence of diglycerol tetraethers.
B)   form a bilayer due to the presence of sterols.
C)   form a stable ring structure due to the presence of crenarchaeol.
D)   form a bilayer due to the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

A bacterial cell is interpreted as gram-positive when it forms purple insoluble crystal violet-iodine complexes within the cell during the Gram stain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The use of the Gram stain in microbiology is important because it differentiates

Accepted Answer

A)   Bacteria from Archaea.
B)   prokaryotic from eukaryotic cells.
C)   bacterial cells with different types of cell walls.
D)   archaeal cells with different types of metabolism.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

Membrane-enclosed organelles, such as nuclei, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and chloroplasts

Accepted Answer

A)   form specialized compartments within eukaryotic cells for specific functions to occur.
B)   increase the structural complexity of eukaryotic cells.
C)   help large eukaryotic cells overcome the limitations of diffusion imposed by their large cell size.
D)   increase structural complexity, help eukaryotes overcome diffusion limitation due to their size, and form specialized environments for specific functions to occur.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 10

An organism of the genus Staphylococcus is ________, while an organism of the genus Spirochaeta is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   spherical / rod shaped
B)   rod shaped / coiled
C)   spherical / coiled
D)   coiled / sphericalE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 11

Some of the intestinal symptoms elicited by pathogens such as Salmonella, Shigella, and Escherichia are due to the presence of

Accepted Answer

A)   pseudomurein.
B)   S-layers.
C)   lipopolysaccharides.
D)   peptidoglycan.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Using bright-field microscopy to look at a slide prepared with a basic dye you observe cells with a clear inner compartment within the cell at 400X magnification. The cell is most likely a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   prokaryote.
B)   bacterium.
C)   archaeon.
D)   eukaryote.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 13

Smaller prokaryotic cells generally grow faster than larger ones due to a higher surface-area-to-volume ratio.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Predict what would happen to a motile bacterium undergoing chemotaxis if the Mot proteins suddenly ceased to function.

Accepted Answer

The function of Mot proteins should be d...

Question 15

What is the function of an endospore and how is an endospore formed?

Accepted Answer

The function of an endospore is to allow...

Question 16

Eukaryotes have ________ in their cytoplasmic membranes, which serve to strengthen and stabilize the membrane and make it less flexible. Many bacteria have similar molecules, known as ________, in their cytoplasmic membranes that have a similar role.

Accepted Answer

A)   ether bonds / ester bonds
B)   lipids / phospholipids
C)   sterols / hopanoids
D)   phospholipids / lipopolysaccharidesE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Bacteria stain as gram-positive or gram-negative because of differences in the cell

Accepted Answer

A)   wall.
B)   cytoplasm.
C)   nucleus.
D)   chromosome.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

Based on the table of attributes given below, which of the following statements are FALSE about the two organisms?   Characteristic  Bacterium A  Bacterium B  Endospore formation  yes  no  Capsule  no  yes  Type IV pili  yes  no  Flagella  no  no  Morphology  bacillus  bacillus \begin{array}{lll}	ext { Characteristic } & 	ext { Bacterium A } & 	ext { Bacterium B } \\hline 	ext { Endospore formation } & 	ext { yes } & 	ext { no } \	ext { Capsule } & 	ext { no } & 	ext { yes } \	ext { Type IV pili } & 	ext { yes } & 	ext { no } \	ext { Flagella } & 	ext { no } & 	ext { no } \	ext { Morphology } & 	ext { bacillus } & 	ext { bacillus }\end{array} Characteristic  Endospore formation  Capsule  Type IV pili  Flagella  Morphology ​ Bacterium A  yes  no  yes  no  bacillus ​ Bacterium B  no  yes  no  no  bacillus ​​

Accepted Answer

A)   Bacterium A is more resistant to heat and ultraviolet light.
B)   Bacterium B likely forms a slime layer better than Bacterium A.
C)   Bacterium B is likely to exhibit motility.
D)   Both bacteria may attach to surfaces. E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

The peptide interbridge crosslinking between peptidoglycan layers is found ONLY in the cell walls of

Accepted Answer

A)   Archaea.
B)   Eukarya.
C)   gram-positive Bacteria.
D)   gram-negative Bacteria.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 20

The energy source derived from the charge separation across the cytoplasmic membrane is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)   the proton motive force.
B)   carbohydrate charging.
C)   adenosine triphosphate.
D)   the voltage source.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 2: Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Using bright-field microscopy to look at a slide prepared with a basic dye you observe cells with a clear inner compartment within the cell at 400X magnification. The cell is most likely a(n)

Correct Answer
verified

A bacterial cell is interpreted as gram-positive when it forms purple insoluble crystal violet-iodine complexes within the cell during the Gram stain.

Correct Answer
verified

Some archaea have unique phospholipids in their cytoplasmic membrane that

Correct Answer
verified

Membrane-enclosed organelles, such as nuclei, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and chloroplasts

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Pili or fimbrae are the most likely stru...
View Answer

An organism of the genus Staphylococcus is , while an organism of the genus Spirochaeta is .

Correct Answer
verified

Some of the intestinal symptoms elicited by pathogens such as Salmonella, Shigella, and Escherichia are due to the presence of

Correct Answer
verified

Eukaryotes have in their cytoplasmic membranes, which serve to strengthen and stabilize the membrane and make it less flexible. Many bacteria have similar molecules, known as , in their cytoplasmic membranes that have a similar role.

Correct Answer
verified

The energy source derived from the charge separation across the cytoplasmic membrane is referred to as

Correct Answer
verified

Predict what would happen to a motile bacterium undergoing chemotaxis if the Mot proteins suddenly ceased to function.

Correct Answer
verified
The function of Mot proteins should be d...
View Answer

Cellular inclusions in prokaryotic cells serve to

Correct Answer
verified

Smaller prokaryotic cells generally grow faster than larger ones due to a higher surface-area-to-volume ratio.

Correct Answer
verified

The peptide interbridge crosslinking between peptidoglycan layers is found ONLY in the cell walls of

Correct Answer
verified

What is the function of an endospore and how is an endospore formed?

Correct Answer
verified
The function of an endospore is to allow...
View Answer

The use of the Gram stain in microbiology is important because it differentiates

Correct Answer
verified

The Golgi complex functions to

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

In general, most cell inclusions function as energy reserves or as a reservoir of structural building blocks.

Correct Answer
verified

Bacteria stain as gram-positive or gram-negative because of differences in the cell

Correct Answer
verified

The lipids in the cytoplasmic membrane of Bacteria and contain ester linkages, while the cytoplasmic membrane of contain ether linkages.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 2: Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Using bright-field microscopy to look at a slide prepared with a basic dye you observe cells with a clear inner compartment within the cell at 400X magnification. The cell is most likely a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A bacterial cell is interpreted as gram-positive when it forms purple insoluble crystal violet-iodine complexes within the cell during the Gram stain.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some archaea have unique phospholipids in their cytoplasmic membrane that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Membrane-enclosed organelles, such as nuclei, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and chloroplasts

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedPili or fimbrae are the most likely stru...View AnswerShow Answer

An organism of the genus Staphylococcus is ________, while an organism of the genus Spirochaeta is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some of the intestinal symptoms elicited by pathogens such as Salmonella, Shigella, and Escherichia are due to the presence of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Eukaryotes have ________ in their cytoplasmic membranes, which serve to strengthen and stabilize the membrane and make it less flexible. Many bacteria have similar molecules, known as ________, in their cytoplasmic membranes that have a similar role.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The energy source derived from the charge separation across the cytoplasmic membrane is referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Predict what would happen to a motile bacterium undergoing chemotaxis if the Mot proteins suddenly ceased to function.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe function of Mot proteins should be d...View AnswerShow Answer

Cellular inclusions in prokaryotic cells serve to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Smaller prokaryotic cells generally grow faster than larger ones due to a higher surface-area-to-volume ratio.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The peptide interbridge crosslinking between peptidoglycan layers is found ONLY in the cell walls of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the function of an endospore and how is an endospore formed?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe function of an endospore is to allow...View AnswerShow Answer

The use of the Gram stain in microbiology is important because it differentiates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Golgi complex functions to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In general, most cell inclusions function as energy reserves or as a reservoir of structural building blocks.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bacteria stain as gram-positive or gram-negative because of differences in the cell

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The lipids in the cytoplasmic membrane of Bacteria and ________ contain ester linkages, while the cytoplasmic membrane of ________ contain ether linkages.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Pili or fimbrae are the most likely stru...
View Answer

An organism of the genus Staphylococcus is , while an organism of the genus Spirochaeta is .

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Eukaryotes have in their cytoplasmic membranes, which serve to strengthen and stabilize the membrane and make it less flexible. Many bacteria have similar molecules, known as , in their cytoplasmic membranes that have a similar role.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
The function of Mot proteins should be d...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
The function of an endospore is to allow...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The lipids in the cytoplasmic membrane of Bacteria and contain ester linkages, while the cytoplasmic membrane of contain ether linkages.

Correct Answer
verified