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Exam 3: Understanding Public Policy Making

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Question 1

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Once elected officials have formally proposed policies, the policy-making cycle moves on to ______, where the new policies are approved by a legislative body, signed by the executive, and accepted by the public.

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Question 2

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Some analysts try to predict how likely a policy issue will be placed on the agenda for action. Policy issues that have ______ have the best chances to be placed on a public agenda.

A) low conflict and high saliency
B) high conflict and high saliency
C) low conflict and high risk
D) high conflict and high reward

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Question 3

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Market mechanisms as tools or instruments of policy are defined as ______.

Following a period of time in which policies are implemented by government, ideally, the policy-making cycle turns to ______, in which the policy outcomes and efficiency are assessed and the policies revised.

Which of the policy typologies identified by Lowi refers to the situation in which government spends money to provide grants or programs without regard to where the money will come from to pay for it?

The term ______ is used to make clear that the process is cyclical or continuous rather than a onetime set of actions

Which of the following best describes the sequence of the policy-making process presented by the Kraft/Furlong policy process model?

During the later years of the Obama administration, the Democratic Party controlled the presidency and Senate, while the Republican Party controlled the House of Representatives. As a result, gridlock occurred, and it was difficult for the policy-making process to enact policies to address important issues of the day such as immigration, gun control, or environmental legislation. Which policy-making theory might attribute this failure to the formal way our government is structured and the procedures for how bills become law?

An example of ______ is farmers, agricultural equipment makers, and bureaucrats at the U.S. Department of Agriculture working together to promote particular policies.

Kingdon's ______ model illustrates how three independent sets of activities related to problems, policy proposals, and politics can converge and bring a public issue onto the agenda.

______ attempt to explain why and how policy-making occurs.

______ are tools, approaches, or methods that policy makers have available to use in order to formulate a policy.

Discuss how elite theory is applied to development of policy. Include in your discussion a definition of who/what are elite(s), why elites vary according to policy issue, and how elites influence policy.

The Occupational Health and Safety Administration spells out the kinds of things that business and industry must do to protect workers. This is an example of what type of policy?

The ______ theory of policy making emphasizes the formal and legal parts of governmental structure.

______ describes the attempts of elected officials to provide government programs and services that directly benefit their constituencies.

The Census Bureau projects that the U.S. population (about 325 million in 2016) is likely to rise to nearly ______ million by 2050.

Political systems theory explains policy making as a process of ______.

The policy-making stage in which public needs are selected for consideration by a legislative body of government is ______.

Discuss the problem-definition and agenda-setting stages of policy making. What are the factors that shape how a problem may be defined? Discuss an example of a public problem that has been framed in varying ways by opposing groups. Second, the authors state, "the mere existence of a problem is no guarantee that it will attract government attention." What facilitates the movement of certain issues onto the agenda?