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Effectors bring about a final response in a negative feedback loop.

A) True
B) False

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Which tissue below conducts signals primarily via electrical impulses?


A) epithelial tissue
B) connective tissue
C) nervous tissue
D) muscle tissue
E) reticular tissue

F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

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Which of the following best describes intracellular fluid?


A) rich in sodium and chloride
B) rich in sodium, potassium, and chloride
C) rich in proteins and chloride
D) rich in proteins and potassium
E) rich in potassium and chloride

F) D) and E)
G) B) and C)

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Which tissue below contracts to generate force?


A) epithelial tissue
B) connective tissue
C) nervous tissue
D) muscle tissue
E) reticular tissue

F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

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What tissue is a major component of bone, ligaments, and blood?


A) epithelial
B) connective
C) nervous
D) muscle
E) endocrine

F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

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Luteinizing hormone- mediated regulation of estrogen during ovulation in women is an example of


A) a negative feedback loop.
B) both a positive and a negative feedback loop.
C) a quasi- negative feedback loop.
D) a quasi- positive feedback loop.
E) a positive feedback loop.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Body mass index is a measure of weight in kilograms relative to


A) arm length.
B) gender.
C) height in meters (squared) .
D) weight (in kilograms in water) .
E) waste circumference.

F) All of the above
G) D) and E)

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Exocrine glands secrete hormones.

A) True
B) False

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The process whereby fluid in the kidneys is transported from the tubules back into the bloodstream is called


A) filtration.
B) reabsorption.
C) secretion.
D) absorption.
E) excretion.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

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Which of the following is/are associated with the endocrine system?


A) esophagus
B) bronchi
C) adrenal gland
D) blood vessels
E) pancreas

F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

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Which of the following is/are a component of the cardiovascular system?


A) brain
B) adrenal gland
C) bronchi
D) esophagus
E) blood vessels

F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

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E

Blood glucose is a regulated variable controlled by a negative feedback loop. Explain what is meant by the term negative feedback and discuss how this mechanism would work in the case of high blood glucose.

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Negative feedback systems reverse the response of an increasing variable back to the set point for that variable. In this case, the rising blood glucose levels are detected by the sensors or beta cells within the pancreas. The beta cells also act as the integrating center and release the hormone insulin into the blood stream. Insulin causes glucose to move from the plasma of the blood into the cells of the body or effectors therefore driving down the levels of glucose back to within normal ranges.

Of the following conditions associated with excess heat, which is the most serious condition?


A) heat exhaustion
B) dizziness
C) dehydration
D) excessive sweating
E) heat stroke

F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

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The fluid (non- cellular) portion of blood is called


A) the internal environment.
B) interstitial fluid.
C) plasma.
D) intracellular matrix.
E) intracellular fluid.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

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Which of the following types of diabetes mellitus was formerly referred to as insulin- dependent or juvenile- onset diabetes mellitus?


A) diabetes insipidus
B) prediabetes
C) type 1
D) gestational diabetes
E) type 2

F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

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Positive feedback loops are impossible to stop once they have begun.

A) True
B) False

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Most of the cells of the body are able to directly exchange materials with the external environment.

A) True
B) False

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False

Which of the following is/are associated with the gastrointestinal system?


A) blood vessels
B) esophagus
C) bronchi
D) adrenal gland
E) brain

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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What are the two extracellular fluid compartments of the body?


A) intracellular fluid and plasma
B) interstitial fluid and blood
C) intracellular fluid and interstitial fluid
D) interstitial fluid and plasma
E) intracellular fluid and blood

F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

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Pre- diabetics have fasting blood glucose levels of


A) 150- 200 mg/dL
B) 200- 210 mg/dL
C) 70- 100 mg/dL
D) 100- 125 mg/dL
E) 90- 100 mg/dL

F) None of the above
G) D) and E)

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