Question 1

As the body becomes dehydrated, the osmolarity of the body fluids decreases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

What hormone decreases calcium levels in blood?

Accepted Answer

A)   ADH
B)   parathyroid hormone
C)   calcitonin
D)   angiotensin II
E)   aldosteroneF) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 3

The effects of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)  are not restricted to regulating water movement; it also affects sodium reabsorption by

Accepted Answer

A)   increasing the synthesis of Na+/K+ pumps in principal cells.
B)   increasing the synthesis of sodium channels in intercalated cells.
C)   decreasing the synthesis of sodium channels in intercalated cells.
D)   increasing the synthesis of sodium channels in principal cells.
E)   decreasing the synthesis of sodium channels in principal cells.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 4

Plasma can gain solutes and/or water from which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   gastrointestinal tract only
B)   renal tubules only
C)   bone only
D)   both the gastrointestinal tract and bone
E)   both the gastrointestinal tract and renal tubulesF) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 5

Angiotensinogen is synthesized by what organ?

Accepted Answer

A)   pituitary gland
B)   liver
C)   kidney
D)   bone marrow
E)   adrenal glandF) None of the above
G) All of the above

Question 6

Aldosterone is released from the________ in response to________ _.

Accepted Answer

A)   pancreas : increases in plasma glucose
B)   adrenal cortex : increases in plasma potassium
C)   adrenal medulla : decreases in plasma sodium
D)   posterior pituitary : increases in plasma osmolarity
E)   macula densa : increased flow of tubular fluid in the distal tubuleF) B) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 7

Calcium homeostasis is regulated through the digestive tract.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following is an effect of aldosterone on principal cells?

Accepted Answer

A)   decreased number of Na+/K+ pumps in the basolateral membrane
B)   decreased number of open Na+/K+ channels in the basolateral membrane
C)   increased number of Na+/K+ pumps in the apical membrane
D)   increased number of open Na+/K+ channels in the basolateral membrane
E)   increased number of open Na+/K+ channels in the apical membraneF) All of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 9

The hemorrhage -induced decrease in blood flow to the kidneys will

Accepted Answer

A)   increase the production of erythrocytes.
B)   decrease the release of renin.
C)   increase glomerular filtration rate.
D)   increase the production of leukocytes.
E)   increase the release of atrial natriuretic peptide.F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 10

What enzyme converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I?

Accepted Answer

A)   atrial natriuretic peptide
B)   angiotensin converting enzyme (AC
E)  
C)   renin
D)   mucin
E)   carbonic anhydraseF) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 11

Bicarbonate crosses the apical membrane of the proximal tubule by

Accepted Answer

A)   HCO3 -/Cl -countertransporters.
B)   conversion to carbon dioxide.
C)   HCO3 -active transporters.
D)   Na+/HCO3 -cotransporters.
E)   Na+/HCO3 - countertransporters.F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 12

The last step to synthesis of 1,25 -dihydroxy vitamin D3 occurs in what organ?

Accepted Answer

A)   brain
B)   liver
C)   gastrointestinal tract
D)   kidney
E)   skinF) B) and C)
G) A) and C)

Question 13

Acidosis results in potassium retention, whereas alkalosis results in potassium depletion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The hydrogen ion concentration or pH of arterial blood is regulated by the combined actions of the________and________ .

Accepted Answer

A)   kidneys : buffer systems
B)   lungs: buffer systems
C)   kidneys : cardiovascular system
D)   kidneys : lymphatic system
E)   lungs : kidneysF) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 15

Which of the following is a source of water input?

Accepted Answer

A)   digestive tract only
B)   renal tubules only
C)   metabolism only
D)   both digestive tract and metabolism
E)   both the digestive tract and renal tubulesF) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

Exam 19: The Urinary System: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Which of the following is a source of water input?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is an effect of aldosterone on principal cells?

Correct Answer
verified

Acidosis results in potassium retention, whereas alkalosis results in potassium depletion.

Correct Answer
verified

What hormone decreases calcium levels in blood?

Correct Answer
verified

As the body becomes dehydrated, the osmolarity of the body fluids decreases.

Correct Answer
verified

The hydrogen ion concentration or pH of arterial blood is regulated by the combined actions of theand .

Correct Answer
verified

Plasma can gain solutes and/or water from which of the following?

Correct Answer
verified

Aldosterone is released from the in response to _.

Correct Answer
verified

What enzyme converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I?

Correct Answer
verified

Bicarbonate crosses the apical membrane of the proximal tubule by

Correct Answer
verified

The hemorrhage -induced decrease in blood flow to the kidneys will

Correct Answer
verified

Calcium homeostasis is regulated through the digestive tract.

Correct Answer
verified

The last step to synthesis of 1,25 -dihydroxy vitamin D₃occurs in what organ?

Correct Answer
verified

Angiotensinogen is synthesized by what organ?

Correct Answer
verified

The effects of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) are not restricted to regulating water movement; it also affects sodium reabsorption by

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 19: The Urinary System: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Which of the following is a source of water input?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an effect of aldosterone on principal cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Acidosis results in potassium retention, whereas alkalosis results in potassium depletion.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What hormone decreases calcium levels in blood?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As the body becomes dehydrated, the osmolarity of the body fluids decreases.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The hydrogen ion concentration or pH of arterial blood is regulated by the combined actions of the________and________ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Plasma can gain solutes and/or water from which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aldosterone is released from the________ in response to________ _.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What enzyme converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bicarbonate crosses the apical membrane of the proximal tubule by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The hemorrhage -induced decrease in blood flow to the kidneys will

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Calcium homeostasis is regulated through the digestive tract.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The last step to synthesis of 1,25 -dihydroxy vitamin D3 occurs in what organ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Angiotensinogen is synthesized by what organ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The effects of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) are not restricted to regulating water movement; it also affects sodium reabsorption by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The hydrogen ion concentration or pH of arterial blood is regulated by the combined actions of theand .

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Aldosterone is released from the in response to _.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The last step to synthesis of 1,25 -dihydroxy vitamin D₃occurs in what organ?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified