Question 1

People with damage to the frontal lobes are impaired on:

Accepted Answer

A)   the N-back task.
B)   self-ordered tasks.
C)   short-term memory for objects.
D)   All of the answers are correct.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Which area of the brain seems to play an especially important role in working memory?

Accepted Answer

A)   the prefrontal cortex
B)   the cerebellum
C)   the sensory cortices
D)   the basal gangliaE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

How did George Sperling demonstrate that the visual sensory memory holds a large amount of visual information?

Accepted Answer

Describe Sperling's experiment...

Question 4

Where does information automatically and rapidly decay?

Accepted Answer

A)   short-term memory
B)   working memory
C)   long-term memory
D)   sensory memoryE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 5

Consider the activity of painting a picture for an art class. Identify an abstract goal and a concrete/specific goal, and indicate which part of the frontal lobe is involved in each.

Accepted Answer

Abstract-for example, painting...

Question 6

In a delayed-response task, Fuster found that monkey prefrontal neurons fired only:

Accepted Answer

A)   when a particular object was initially displayed.
B)   during a delay period when the monkey had to remember the location of an object.
C)   during a delay period when the monkey had to remember an object but not its location.
D)   after the monkey had chosen an object in the correct location.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 7

In Brooks's task involving visualizing a block letter F, the participants who performed the worst were those who responded by:

Accepted Answer

A)   saying "yes" or "no" out loud.
B)   saying "yes" or "no" silently to themselves.
C)   tapping their "yes" or "no" response with their fingers.
D)   pointing to "yes" or "no" on a screen.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Deficits in working memory in people with schizophrenia may be caused by a(n)  _____ in the prefrontal cortex.

Accepted Answer

A)   increased amount of dopamine
B)   lack of sufficient dopamine
C)   lack of dopamine receptors
D)   inactive dopamine receptorE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

Which is a characteristic of someone with dysexecutive syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)   disrupted ability to think and plan
B)   impaired language abilities
C)   below-average intelligence scores
D)   disrupted ability to remember facts and eventsE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

In what way does the involvement of the prefrontal cortex during delays differ from the involvement of sensory and motor cortices?

Accepted Answer

A)   Only neurons in the prefrontal cortex show sustained activity during delay periods.
B)   Only neurons in the sensory and motor cortexes show sustained activity during delay periods.
C)   Only neurons in the prefrontal cortex maintain their activity despite distractions.
D)   Only neurons in the sensory and motor cortexes maintain their activity despite distractions.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

Explain how each of the three main components of working memory is involved in the task of adding two three-digit numbers in one's head.

Accepted Answer

The phonological loop performs rehearsal...

Question 12

Disruption of performance on domain-specific motor learning tasks is seen with damage to the _____ regions of the frontal lobes.

Accepted Answer

A)   posterior
B)   anterior
C)   anterior and posterior
D)   anterior and medialE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 13

Wilder Penfield described the changes in his sister after she had a brain tumor removed. She went from being an accomplished cook to losing all ability to organize her cooking, moving from one dish to another leaving some uncooked. The removal of the tumor caused damage to what area of her brain?

Accepted Answer

A)   the cerebellum
B)   the frontal lobe
C)   the occipital lobe
D)   the parietal lobeE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

During working-memory tasks, schizophrenic patients seem to:

Accepted Answer

A)   recruit the ventrolateral PFC to compensate for a dysfunctional dorsolateral PFC.
B)   recruit the dorsolateral PFC to compensate for a dysfunctional ventrolateral PFC.
C)   use the ventrolateral PFC less than normal.
D)   use all parts of the PFC less than normal.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Describe Michael Petrides's experiments that demonstrated the different functions of the dorsal and ventral prefrontal cortices. According to his findings, what were these functions?

Accepted Answer

Describe procedures and result...

Question 16

When George Sperling (1960)  used the partial report procedure, he found that participants could report _____ of the letters in the array.

Accepted Answer

A)   all
B)   none
C)   about 30 percent
D)   about 75 percentE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 17

Describe two different types of tasks that are used to study working memory. For each one, indicate what specific aspect of working memory is primarily being tested.

Accepted Answer

Possible tasks: (1) word-length tasks to...

Question 18

Which task is used to study the controlled updating of working memory?

Accepted Answer

A)   an N-back task
B)   the Tower of Hanoi
C)   the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test
D)   the Stroop taskE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 19

Which task would activate the left-anterior ventrolateral prefrontal cortex?

Accepted Answer

A)   deciding whether two words sound the same
B)   rehearsing nonsense words
C)   listening to backwards speech
D)   deciding whether two words have the same meaningE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 20

The Tower of Hanoi puzzle is often used to examine the:

Accepted Answer

A)   controlled updating of the memory buffers.
B)   ability to plan and set goals.
C)   ability to switch tasks.
D)   ability to select stimuli and inhibit responses.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Exam 9: Working Memory and Cognitive Control

How did George Sperling demonstrate that the visual sensory memory holds a large amount of visual information?

Correct AnswerverifiedDescribe Sperling's experiment...View AnswerShow Answer

Where does information automatically and rapidly decay?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Tower of Hanoi puzzle is often used to examine the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Wilder Penfield described the changes in his sister after she had a brain tumor removed. She went from being an accomplished cook to losing all ability to organize her cooking, moving from one dish to another leaving some uncooked. The removal of the tumor caused damage to what area of her brain?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which task would activate the left-anterior ventrolateral prefrontal cortex?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During working-memory tasks, schizophrenic patients seem to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When George Sperling (1960) used the partial report procedure, he found that participants could report _____ of the letters in the array.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a delayed-response task, Fuster found that monkey prefrontal neurons fired only:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is a characteristic of someone with dysexecutive syndrome?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which task is used to study the controlled updating of working memory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain how each of the three main components of working memory is involved in the task of adding two three-digit numbers in one's head.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe phonological loop performs rehearsal...View AnswerShow Answer

Disruption of performance on domain-specific motor learning tasks is seen with damage to the _____ regions of the frontal lobes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which area of the brain seems to play an especially important role in working memory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Deficits in working memory in people with schizophrenia may be caused by a(n) _____ in the prefrontal cortex.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Consider the activity of painting a picture for an art class. Identify an abstract goal and a concrete/specific goal, and indicate which part of the frontal lobe is involved in each.

Correct AnswerverifiedAbstract-for example, painting...View AnswerShow Answer

Describe Michael Petrides's experiments that demonstrated the different functions of the dorsal and ventral prefrontal cortices. According to his findings, what were these functions?

Correct AnswerverifiedDescribe procedures and result...View AnswerShow Answer

In Brooks's task involving visualizing a block letter F, the participants who performed the worst were those who responded by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People with damage to the frontal lobes are impaired on:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In what way does the involvement of the prefrontal cortex during delays differ from the involvement of sensory and motor cortices?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe two different types of tasks that are used to study working memory. For each one, indicate what specific aspect of working memory is primarily being tested.

Correct AnswerverifiedPossible tasks: (1) word-length tasks to...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Describe Sperling's experiment...
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The phonological loop performs rehearsal...
View Answer

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Abstract-for example, painting...
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Correct Answer
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Describe procedures and result...
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Possible tasks: (1) word-length tasks to...
View Answer