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Why do atoms only emit certain wavelengths of light when they are excited? (Why do line spectra exist?)

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The energies of atoms are quantized. Whe...

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Identify the colour of a flame test for potassium.


A) violet
B) red
C) white
D) yellow
E) blue

F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

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An FM radio station broadcasts electromagnetic radiation at a frequency of 100.5 MHz. The wavelength of this radiation is ________ m.


A) 3.015 × An FM radio station broadcasts electromagnetic radiation at a frequency of 100.5 MHz. The wavelength of this radiation is ________ m. A)  3.015 ×   B)  3.015 ×   C)  0.3350 D)  2.985 ×   E)  2.985
B) 3.015 × An FM radio station broadcasts electromagnetic radiation at a frequency of 100.5 MHz. The wavelength of this radiation is ________ m. A)  3.015 ×   B)  3.015 ×   C)  0.3350 D)  2.985 ×   E)  2.985
C) 0.3350
D) 2.985 × An FM radio station broadcasts electromagnetic radiation at a frequency of 100.5 MHz. The wavelength of this radiation is ________ m. A)  3.015 ×   B)  3.015 ×   C)  0.3350 D)  2.985 ×   E)  2.985
E) 2.985

F) None of the above
G) B) and E)

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Choose the valence orbital diagram that represents the ground state of Se2⁻.


A) Choose the valence orbital diagram that represents the ground state of Se<sup>2</sup>⁻. A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
B) Choose the valence orbital diagram that represents the ground state of Se<sup>2</sup>⁻. A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
C) Choose the valence orbital diagram that represents the ground state of Se<sup>2</sup>⁻. A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
D) Choose the valence orbital diagram that represents the ground state of Se<sup>2</sup>⁻. A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
E) Choose the valence orbital diagram that represents the ground state of Se<sup>2</sup>⁻. A)    B)    C)    D)    E)

F) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

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Calculate the energy change associated with the transition from n = 4 to n = 1 in the hydrogen atom.


A) +4.89 × 10-18 J
B) +1.64 × 10-18 J
C) -6.12 × 10-18 J
D) +3.55 × 10-18 J
E) -2.04 × 10-18 J

F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

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How many different values of l are possible in the third principal level?


A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 0
E) 4

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Choose the ground-state electron configuration for Cr3⁺.


A) [Ar]4s13d2
B) [Ar]
C) [Ar]4s23d6
D) [Ar]3d3
E) [Ar]4s23d1

F) B) and E)
G) None of the above

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When filling degenerate orbitals, electrons fill them singly first, with parallel spins. What is this known as?


A) Pauli exclusion principle
B) Hund's rule
C) aufbau principle
D) Heisenberg uncertainty principle

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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What total energy (in kJ) is contained in 1.0 mol of photons, all with a frequency of 2.75 × 1014 Hz?


A) 182 kJ
B) 219 kJ
C) 457 kJ
D) 326 kJ
E) 110 kJ

F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Which of the following statements is TRUE?


A) An orbital that penetrates into the region occupied by core electrons is less shielded from nuclear charge than an orbital that does not penetrate and therefore has a lower energy.
B) An orbital that penetrates into the region occupied by core electrons is more shielded from nuclear charge than an orbital that does not penetrate and therefore has a lower energy.
C) It is possible for two electrons in the same atom to have identical values for all four quantum numbers.
D) Two electrons in the same orbital can have the same spin.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Calculate the energy of the green light emitted, per photon, by a mercury lamp with a frequency of 5.49 × 1014 Hz.


A) 2.75 × 10-19 J
B) 3.64 × 10-19 J
C) 5.46 × 10-19 J
D) 1.83 × 10-19 J
E) 4.68 × 10-19 J

F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

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Choose the valence orbital diagram that represents the ground state of Zn.


A) Choose the valence orbital diagram that represents the ground state of Zn. A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
B) Choose the valence orbital diagram that represents the ground state of Zn. A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
C) Choose the valence orbital diagram that represents the ground state of Zn. A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
D) Choose the valence orbital diagram that represents the ground state of Zn. A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
E) Choose the valence orbital diagram that represents the ground state of Zn. A)    B)    C)    D)    E)

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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Each of the following sets of quantum numbers is supposed to specify an orbital. Which of the following sets of quantum numbers contains an error?


A) n = 2, l = 1, ml = -1
B) n = 4, l = 2, ml =0
C) n = 3, l = 3, ml = -2
D) n = 1, l = 0, ml =0
E) n = 3, l = 0, ml =0

F) All of the above
G) A) and D)

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Identify the ground-state electron configuration for Rb⁺.


A) [Ar]4s24p6
B) [Kr]5s1
C) [Ar]4s23d104p6
D) [Kr]5s2
E) [Kr]5s24d2

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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If two electrons in the same atom have the same value of l, they are ________.


A) in the same sublevel, but not necessarily in the same level
B) in the same level, but in different sublevels
C) in the same orbital
D) in different levels and in different shaped orbitals
E) None of the above.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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How many orbitals are there in the fourth shell?


A) 3
B) 4
C) 6
D) 16

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Choose the valence orbital diagram that represents the ground state of Sr2.


A) Choose the valence orbital diagram that represents the ground state of Sr<sup>2</sup><sup>⁺</sup>. A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
B) Choose the valence orbital diagram that represents the ground state of Sr<sup>2</sup><sup>⁺</sup>. A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
C) Choose the valence orbital diagram that represents the ground state of Sr<sup>2</sup><sup>⁺</sup>. A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
D) Choose the valence orbital diagram that represents the ground state of Sr<sup>2</sup><sup>⁺</sup>. A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
E) Choose the valence orbital diagram that represents the ground state of Sr<sup>2</sup><sup>⁺</sup>. A)    B)    C)    D)    E)

F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

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An electron initially in the n = 5 orbital of a hydrogen atom emits a photon with a wavelength of 1284 nm. Calculate the final orbital, nf.


A) 1
B) 3
C) 2
D) 6
E) 4

F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

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Each of the following sets of quantum numbers is supposed to specify an orbital. Choose the one set of quantum numbers that does not contain an error.


A) n = 4, l = 4, ml = 0
B) n = 3, l = 2, ml = +3
C) n = 4, l = 0, ml = -1
D) n = 3, l = 1, ml = -2
E) n = 5, l = 3, ml = -3

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Which of the following statements is TRUE?


A) We can sometimes know the exact location and speed of an electron at the same time.
B) All orbitals in a given atom are roughly the same size.
C) Since electrons have mass, we must always consider them to have particle properties and never wavelike properties.
D) Atoms are roughly spherical because when all of the different shaped orbitals are overlapped, they take on a spherical shape.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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