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What was "virtual representation," and why were the colonists opposed to it?

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Lord North removed all the Townsend duties except for the tax on


A) tea.
B) glass.
C) lead.
D) paper.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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What was the result of the Boston Massacre trial?


A) All but two of the soldiers were acquitted.
B) All of the soldiers were convicted of manslaughter.
C) All of the soldiers were branded on the thumbs.
D) All but three of the soldiers served jail time.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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A

The "powder alarm" of September 1774 convinced Thomas Gage that


A) colonial rebellions were led by a small cadre of radicals.
B) colonists were not prepared to fight for their demands.
C) Britain had complete control over the colonies.
D) ordinary colonists would unite for armed conflict.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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D

How did William Pitt turn the Seven Years' War in favor of the British?


A) He held successful negotiations with the Iroquois.
B) He captured of the French fortress city of Quebec.
C) He committed massive resources to the war.
D) He adopted the tactics of guerrilla warfare.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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Why did Bostonians throw tea overboard into Boston harbor in December 1773?

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Which of the following statements characterizes the effects of the nonimportation agreements of 1768-69?


A) Nonimportation failed due to tensions between southern farmers and northern organizers.
B) Merchants and consumers needed little persuasion to join the nonimportation movement.
C) Nonimportation efforts collapsed because southern merchants refused to abandon British goods.
D) By 1769, merchants from New England to Charleston were supporting nonimportation.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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By the 1770s, many white Americans saw the British government as a source of efforts to enslave them, while many African American slaves saw the British government as a potential source of freedom from slavery. Explain why these two groups held such fundamentally different views. Which group's view of the British was more legitimate?

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What circumstances caused the British government to issue the Proclamation of 1763, and how did the terms of the act consider the Indians?

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Briefly describe the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act, two of George Grenville's attempts to generate income for Britain in 1764 and 1765. Why did the colonists object to these measures?

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What were the conflicting interests in the Ohio Valley before the Seven Years' War, and what was the outcome of the war for each participant?

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"I observed with great concern a paragraph with the signature of 'Consideration,' calculated to deter you from paying for the tea, a measure at this alarming juncture highly necessary and what every REAL friend to the cause of America must think your indispensible duty. While we contend for liberty, let us not destroy the idea of justice. A trespass has been committed on private property in consequence of the Resolves of your town. Restore to the sufferers the most ample compensation for the injury they have received-convince your enemies that their property is secure in every Port on the British Continent-Convince them that you do not regard the value of the article destroyed-that you only deny the right of taxation. Let not the annals of your history be sullied by a refusal-pay for the tea-it will rejoice your friends-it will convince your adversaries that the cause you are attach'd to is a righteous and just cause. Convince them that you regard honesty as much as liberty, and that you detest libertinism and licentiousness. . . ." Why did this anonymous author think that the patriots should pay for the tea lost during the Boston Tea Party?


A) So that observers do not become distracted by the destruction of property and lose sight of the real goal of liberty
B) Because the author disagrees with the goal of independence
C) So that the patriots could show the British that they were rich
D) Because they were wrong to destroy the tea under any circumstances

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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The Coercive Acts, passed by Parliament to punish Massachusetts for the Destruction of the Tea, included


A) a law closing Boston harbor until the tea was paid for.
B) a new set of high internal and external tax laws.
C) a law stipulating criminals would be tried in Canada.
D) the end of spring elections of town selectmen.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Use the following to answer questions : -The 1764 British law that decreased the duty on French molasses, making it more attractive for shippers to obey the law, and at the same time raised penalties for smuggling. The law regulated trade but was also intended to raise revenue.


A) Boston Massacre
B) Coercive (Intolerable) Acts
C) committees of correspondence
D) Declaratory Act
E) First Continental Congress
F) Pontiac's Rebellion
G) Seven Years' War
H) Stamp Act
I) Sugar (Revenue) Act
J) Tea Act of 1773
K) Townshend duties
L) virtual representation

M) A) and F)
N) I) and K)

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Why did King George III seek to extract more money from the colonists?


A) He was displeased with the profits from colonial exports.
B) His policies were an extension of his aggressive personality.
C) He thought the colonists should help pay England's war debt.
D) He wanted to punish colonists who called for independence.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Why did many Americans who supported the patriot cause accept the legitimacy of the committees of public safety, the regrouped colonial assemblies, and the Continental Congress?


A) American colonists were ready to demand independence from Britain.
B) Britain formally recognized the new governing bodies and ordered American colonists to abide by their decisions.
C) The new governing bodies were composed of many of the same men who had held elective office before.
D) They hoped that recognizing these new government bodies would allow them to avoid further protest against the crown.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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What was the Boston Massacre?


A) A riot that killed two hundred people
B) A confrontation which left a customs official dead
C) A skirmish in which five people were killed
D) A mutiny aboard British ships carrying tea

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Why did General Gage plan a surprise attack on an ammunition storage site in Concord?


A) He believed that a small group in Concord was causing all colonial dissent.
B) He knew that the storage site contained all firepower in the area.
C) His intelligence revealed that the storage site would be unguarded.
D) British leaders ordered him to arrest the American troublemakers.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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D

In 1767, Charles Townshend enacted the Revenue Act, which


A) levied an internal tax against the colonists.
B) placed new duties on imported items.
C) was an innovative form of income tax.
D) taxed building materials, such as brick and wood.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Why did the northern slave Phillis Wheatley gain national attention?


A) She led Bostonian women in promoting spinning bees.
B) She wrote popular poetry about freedom for slaves.
C) She incited slaves to rebel against the British in Boston.
D) She started the Underground Railroad to free slaves.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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